TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

PART-I(MCQS):         MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES

PART-I (MCQS)     MAXIMUM MARKS = 20 PART-II                                 MAXIMUM MARKS = 80

NOTE: (i) Part II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii)        Attempt ALL questions from PART II.

(iii)      All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv)      Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.

(v)         No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of the Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi)       

Extra attempts of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

say, a face. There was a mouth under the eyes, the lipless brim of which quivered and panted, and dropped saliva. The whole creature heaved and pulsated convulsively. A lank tentacular appendage gripped the edge of the cylinder, another swayed in the air. Those who have never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the absence of a chin beneath the wedge like lower lip, the incessant quivering of this mouth, the Gorgon groups of tentacles, the tumultuous breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earthabove all, the extraordinary intensity of the immense eyes-were at once vital, intense, inhuman, crippled and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.

Questions1:What leads us to believe that this passage is from a science fiction story?                                                                                                         (4)

2.       How was the crowd behaving?                                               (4)

3.       Why did the mood of the crowd alter?                                   (4)

4.       What was the narrator’s initial reaction to the “Thing”?    (4)

5.       Why did the writer feel disgusted?                                          (4)

The passage is an excerpt from the novel The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells, published in 1898. It is a science fiction story that depicts the invasion of Earth by Martians, who arrive in metal cylinders and use advanced weapons and machines to destroy and enslave humanity. The passage describes the first encounter between the narrator, a journalist, and one of the Martians, who emerges from the cylinder that has landed in a common near Woking, England. The passage creates a sense of suspense, horror, and curiosity, as the narrator and the crowd witness the strange and terrifying appearance and behavior of the alien creature. The passage also contrasts the reactions of the people, who range from curiosity to fear to panic, and the calm and steady gaze of the Martian, who seems to regard them as insignificant. The passage uses vivid imagery, descriptive language, and similes to convey the physical and emotional details of the scene. For example, the narrator compares the Martian’s eyes to “luminous disks”, its mouth to a “V-shaped” slit, and its movements to a “grey snake” and a “big greyish rounded bulk”. The passage also uses sound effects, such as the “peculiar humming” of the cylinder, the “ringing concussion” of the lid, the “loud shriek” of the woman, and the “inarticulate exclamations” of the crowd, to create a sense of drama and tension. The passage also uses repetition, such as the phrase “Keep back!”, to emphasize the danger and urgency of the situation. The passage is an example of Wells’ imaginative and influential style of science fiction, which combines scientific speculation, social commentary, and human interest¹²³

The answers to questions:

1.     What leads us to believe that this passage is from a science fiction story?

• The passage is from a science fiction story because it involves an imaginary scenario of an alien invasion of Earth, which is based on scientific and technological concepts that are not realistic or possible in the real world. The passage also uses elements of fantasy, such as the description of the Martian’s appearance and abilities, which are different from any known life forms on Earth. The passage also creates a sense of wonder and awe, as well as fear and dread, which are typical of science fiction stories.

2.     How was the crowd behaving?

• The crowd was behaving curiously and excitedly, as they gathered around the pit where the cylinder had landed and tried to see what was inside. The crowd was also restless and noisy, as they elbowed and jostled each other, and raised their voices. The crowd was also disobedient and reckless, as they ignored the warnings of the scientists and the police, and pushed and shoved their way to the edge of the pit. The crowd was also greedy and selfish, as they wanted to get a glimpse of the alien creature and to claim some of the spoils of war.

3.     Why did the mood of the crowd alter?

• The mood of the crowd altered when they saw the Martian emerge from the cylinder, and realized that it was a hostile and dangerous being. The crowd changed from curiosity and excitement to horror and panic, as they witnessed the strange and terrifying appearance and behavior of the alien creature. The crowd also felt astonishment and disbelief, as they realized that they were facing a superior and unknown enemy, who had come from another world. The crowd also felt fear and dread, as they sensed the threat and peril that the Martian posed to them and their planet.

4.     What was the narrator’s initial reaction to the “Thing”?

• The narrator’s initial reaction to the “Thing” was a mixture of curiosity and terror, as he tried to observe and comprehend the alien creature. The narrator was curious, as he wanted to see what kind of being had come from the cylinder, and how it differed from the human race. The narrator was also terrified, as he saw the grotesque and monstrous features of the Martian, and felt its cold and steady gaze. The narrator also felt a sudden chill, as he sensed the alienness and hostility of the “Thing”. The narrator also felt petrified and staring, as he was unable to move or look away from the “Thing”.

5.     Why did the writer feel disgusted?

• The writer felt disgusted by the appearance and behavior of the Martian, which he found repulsive and revolting. The writer was disgusted by the shape and size of the Martian, which he compared to a bear, a snake, and a wet leather. The writer was also disgusted by the face and mouth of the Martian, which he described as rounded, lipless, quivering, panting, and drooling. The writer was also disgusted by the tentacles and appendages of the Martian, which he called lank, billowy, and wriggling. The writer was also disgusted by the movement and breathing of the Martian, which he said were heaving, pulsating, and convulsive.

Q. 4.

Correct  the following:                                                                                                                             (10)

(i)                 He enjoyed during the holidays.

(ii)               None of the boys had learnt their lesson.

(iii)             He is abusing the money of his father.

(iv)             I regret at the delay.

(v)               I could not help but laugh.

(vi)             I always have and always shall be your friend.

(vii)           I was out walking when I saw the new moon in the garden.

(viii)         He cried as if he was mad.

A. Here are the possible corrections for the following sentences:

(i)                He enjoyed himself during the holidays. (The verb enjoy is transitive and requires an object.)

(ii)              None of the boys has learned his lesson. (The word none is singular and agrees with a singular verb and pronoun.)

(iii)            He is wasting the money of his father. (The word abusing is not appropriate in this context, as it implies mistreatment or violence.)

(iv)            I regret the delay. (The preposition at is not used with the verb regret.)

(v)              I could not help laughing. (The verb help is followed by a gerund, not an infinitive.)

(vi)            I have always been and always will be your friend. (The verb tenses should be consistent and logical.)

(vii)         I was out walking when I saw the new moon in the sky. (The moon cannot be seen in the garden unless it is a metaphor or a decoration.)

(viii)       He cried as if he were mad. (The subjunctive mood is used after as if to express a hypothetical or unreal situation.)

Some other common errors in English grammar and usage are:

• Confusing homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings, such as accept/except, advice/advise, affect/effect, etc. For example, “I accept your apology” should be “I accept your apology”.
• Misplacing modifiers, which are words or phrases that modify or describe another word or phrase, but are placed too far from the word they modify, causing confusion or ambiguity. For example, “She only eats vegetables” should be “She eats only vegetables”.
• Mixing up verb tenses, which are forms of verbs that indicate the time and duration of an action or state, such as present, past, future, etc. For example, “Yesterday I go to the mall” should be “Yesterday I went to the mall”.
• Using incorrect subject-verb agreement, which is the rule that the verb must match the number and person of the subject, such as singular or plural, first, second, or third person, etc. For example, “The dogs bark loudly” should be “The dogs bark loudly”.
• Using incorrect pronoun-antecedent agreement, which is the rule that the pronoun must match the number, person, and gender of the antecedent, which is the word that the pronoun refers to. For example, “Everyone should bring their own lunch” should be “Everyone should bring his or her own lunch”.
• Using dangling or misplaced participles, which are verb forms that act as adjectives, but are placed incorrectly or without a clear subject. For example, “Walking to the store, the rain started to fall” should be “As I was walking to the store, the rain started to fall”.
• Using run-on sentences, are sentences that contain two or more independent clauses that are not properly connected or separated by punctuation. For example, “I like chocolate it is my favorite dessert” should be “I like chocolate. It is my favorite dessert” or “I like chocolate, which is my favorite dessert”.
• Using sentence fragments, which are incomplete sentences that lack a subject, a verb, or both. For example, “Because I was late” should be “I missed the bus because I was late” or “Because I was late, I missed the bus”.
• Using incorrect or inconsistent punctuation, such as commas, periods, apostrophes, quotation marks, etc. For example, “The students’ books are on the table” should be “The students’ books are on the table” or “The student’s books are on the table”.
• Using incorrect or inconsistent capitalization, such as capitalizing proper nouns, the first word of a sentence, etc. For example, “I love Paris in the springtime” should be “I love Paris in the springtime”.

These are some of the common errors in English grammar and usage that you can avoid by checking your writing carefully and using reliable tools or resources. For more information, you can refer to these sources¹²³⁴⁵.

Q.5.

Punctuate the following text, where necessary.                                                               (5)

a hungry lion slipped out of the forest into a barnyard one evening when he saw a plump donkey his mouth began to water but just as he was ready to jump on the donkey a rooster crowed he was frightened and so turned away into the forest again hey look at that cowardly lion the donkey brayed to the rooster i am going to chase him and the donkey ran after the lion wait the rooster shouted you dont know that but it was too late the lion had turned and killed the donkey ah my poor stupid friend the rooster said as he watched the lion eating the donkey the lion wasnt afraid of you but of my crowing

A. The text with the necessary punctuation:

A hungry lion slipped out of the forest into a barnyard one evening. When he saw a plump donkey, his mouth began to water. But just as he was ready to jump on the donkey, a rooster crowed. He was frightened and so turned away into the forest again. “Hey, look at that cowardly lion!” the donkey brayed to the rooster. “I am going to chase him.” And the donkey ran after the lion. “Wait!” the rooster shouted. “You don’t know that!” But it was too late. The lion had turned and killed the donkey. “Ah, my poor stupid friend,” the rooster said as he watched the lion eating the donkey. “The lion wasn’t afraid of you, but of my crowing.”

(a) Rewrite the following sentences (ONLY FIVE) after filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.                                                                                                                 (5)

(i)                 What time do we arrive our destination?

(ii)               We are flying     some rough weather; please fasten your seat belts.

(iii)             It is warming up;   noon we should be able to go swimming.

(iv)             My parents are not responsible       my actions.

(v)               This pan is     cooking omelettes.

(vi)                       poor attendance, this course is being cancelled.

(vii)             The police took the men in    questioning.

(viii)           The woman you gave the book       is my aunt.

A.  Sentences with the appropriate prepositions filled in:

(i)                What time do we arrive at our destination?

(ii)               We are flying through some rough weather; please fasten your seat belts.

(iii)             It is warming up; by noon we should be able to go swimming.

(iv)             My parents are not responsible for my actions.

(v)              This pan is for cooking omelettes.

(vi)            Due to poor attendance, this course is being cancelled.

(vii)         The police took the men in for questioning.

(viii)       The woman you gave the book to is my aunt.

Q.6.

Use ONLY FIVE of the following in sentences which illustrate their meanings.                                                                                                                                                            (10)

(i)      To cast pearls before swine               (ii)     To step into one’s shoes

(iii)    Stuff and nonsense                            (iv)    A wild goose chase

(v)     To be ill at ease                                 (vi)    Sit on the fence

(vii)   In a jiffy                                            (viii)  To preen oneself

A. Sentences that illustrate the meanings of the following phrases:

(i)                To cast pearls before swine means to offer something valuable to someone who does not appreciate or deserve it. For example, “He gave her a diamond ring, but she threw it away. He was casting pearls before swine.”

(ii)             (ii) To step into one’s shoes means to take over someone’s role or position, especially when they are absent or unable to continue. For example, “When the manager resigned, she had to step into his shoes and run the company.”

(iii)            (iii) Stuff and nonsense means something foolish or absurd, and not worth considering or believing. For example, “He claims that he can fly, but that’s just stuff and nonsense.”

(iv)            A wild goose chase means a futile or hopeless pursuit of something impossible or unlikely to be found or achieved. For example, “He spent years looking for his long-lost brother, but it was a wild goose chase.”

(v)              (v) To be ill at ease means to feel uncomfortable, nervous, or anxious. For example, “She was ill at ease in the crowded party, and wanted to go home.”

(vi)            To sit on the fence means to avoid making a decision or taking a side in a dispute or controversy. For example, “He refused to vote for either candidate and preferred to sit on the fence.”

(vii)        (vii) In a jiffy means in a very short time or very quickly. For example, “I’ll be back in a jiffy, just wait for me here.”

(viii)       (viii) To preen oneself means to groom or dress oneself with care and attention, especially to show off or impress others. For example, “She spent hours preening herself in front of the mirror, before going to the party.”