Butterfly Pea “Magical” Blue Flower




Pakistan’s agricultural export potential remains constrained by time-sensitive logistics failures rather than production capacity. This policy study examines the critical role of air cargo in enabling high-value agricultural exports, evaluates institutional and infrastructure gaps, and presents international lessons from the Netherlands, Kenya, and Turkey to propose a focused agro-air cargo strategy for Pakistan.

Pakistan’s inland logistics system relies overwhelmingly on road transport, resulting in congestion, rising infrastructure damage, safety hazards, fuel inefficiency, and economic losses. This research critically examines the structural weaknesses of the existing framework and proposes a viable, integrated multimodal logistics model leveraging road, rail, sea, inland waterways, and selective air cargo to achieve efficient, cost-effective, door-to-door transportation.




Men do not decline only because of age or economic pressure. This article explores how everyday spousal behaviour within marriage quietly shapes male psychology, emotional vitality, and long-term wellbeing—an ignored social reality with far-reaching consequences.